American elderberry
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis
Last reviewed: July 2026
Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis is a native deciduous shrub producing clusters of white flowers from June through August. This elderberry thrives in partial sun with medium moisture and attracts butterflies, bees, and other nectar-seeking insects.
American elderberry is listed as toxic to grazing livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats) at a moderate level by the USDA PLANTS Database (opens in new tab). This is a livestock indicator and is separate from pet toxicity.
Light
part sun
Water
medium
Size
72"–144" H × 72"–144" W
Bloom
May, Jun, Jul
Native to
TX, OK, KS, NE and 31 more states
Pollinators
bees, butterflies, beetles
Browse plants for this ecoregion
A large, multi-stemmed deciduous shrub with compound leaves and flat-topped clusters of small white flowers in early summer, followed by clusters of small dark purple berries. Spreads by root suckers to form loose thickets over time.
In an HOA neighborhood
American elderberry is an HOA-friendly choice in the right placement. Maintenance level: moderate. Tidiness: 2 out of 5.
Works well in: mid zone, backyard only.
- can sucker and spread to form thickets over time
- fallen berries may stain hardscape near walkways or patios
- mature size is best sited away from the foundation
Wildlife value
Host plant for moths.
Flowers attract bees, butterflies, and beetles, while the berries are an important late-summer food source for birds and other wildlife, and the foliage hosts several moth species.
Common questions
- When does Common Elderberry bloom?
- Common Elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) blooms from June through August, producing large flat-topped clusters of small white flowers.
- What pollinators visit Common Elderberry?
- Common Elderberry attracts a diverse range of pollinators including butterflies, bees, and various nectar-feeding insects drawn to its abundant white flower clusters.
- What growing conditions does Common Elderberry prefer?
- Common Elderberry grows best in partial sun to partial shade with medium to high moisture levels. It tolerates a range of light conditions but performs optimally with some protection from intense afternoon sun.
- Is American elderberry toxic to livestock?
- American elderberry is listed as toxic to grazing livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats (moderate severity) by the USDA PLANTS Database. This is separate from pet (dog and cat) toxicity.
- Is American elderberry HOA-friendly?
- American elderberry is generally an HOA-friendly choice in the right placement, with moderate maintenance.
Native range data from the USDA PLANTS Database and regional native plant society lists. Pollinator and host plant associations compiled from GBIF, iNaturalist, and published ecological literature.
Does American elderberry fit your yard? Open it in Pollinator Patch to check it against your sun, soil, and HOA-conscious filters.