Swamp Cottonwood
Populus heterophylla
Last reviewed: July 2026
The USDA PLANTS Database (opens in new tab) does not flag Swamp Cottonwood as toxic to livestock.
Light
full sun
Water
high
Size
360"–720" H × 240"–480" W
Bloom
Apr, May, Jun
Native to
AL, AR, CT, DE and 17 more states
Swamp cottonwood is a large native tree that thrives in wet conditions and full sun. This fast-growing deciduous tree can reach 30-60 feet tall with a broad canopy, making it suitable for spacious properties. It produces small flowers in spring and requires consistently moist to wet soil conditions.
In an HOA neighborhood
Swamp Cottonwood takes more care to keep looking intentional in a front yard. Maintenance level: high. Consider it for backyard or mid-zone beds rather than the street edge.
Works well in: backyard only.
- Extremely large mature size unsuitable for most residential lots
- Aggressive root system can damage foundations and utilities
- Messy leaf drop and potential branch debris
Wildlife value
This tree supports numerous native insects and provides nesting sites for birds. The flowers attract various pollinators, and the large canopy offers excellent shade and wildlife habitat.
Common questions
- How much sun does Swamp Cottonwood need?
- Swamp Cottonwood grows best in full sun conditions.
- When does Swamp Cottonwood bloom?
- Swamp Cottonwood blooms in April, May, and June.
- Where is Swamp Cottonwood native?
- Swamp Cottonwood (Populus heterophylla) is native to AL, AR, CT, DE and 17 more states, per the USDA PLANTS Database and regional native plant society lists.
- Is Swamp Cottonwood toxic to livestock?
- The USDA PLANTS Database does not flag Swamp Cottonwood as toxic to livestock.
- Is Swamp Cottonwood HOA-friendly?
- Swamp Cottonwood takes more care to look intentional in a front yard. Consider it for backyard or mid-zone beds rather than the street edge.
Native range data from the USDA PLANTS Database and regional native plant society lists. Pollinator and host plant associations compiled from GBIF, iNaturalist, and published ecological literature.
Ready to grow Swamp Cottonwood? Add it to your garden in Pollinator Patch to track it and get season-by-season care guidance.
Not sure where to start? Take the 2-minute yard quiz